# Configure the multi-tenant SDN plugin (default is 'redhat/openshift-ovs-subnet') os_sdn_network_plugin_name='redhat/openshift-ovs-multitenant'
The OpenShift SDN enables communication between pods across the OpenShift Container Platform cluster, establishing a pod network. Three SDN plug-ins are currently available (ovs-subnet, ovs-multitenant, and ovs-networkpolicy), which provide different methods for configuring the pod network.
The upstream Kubernetes project does not come with a default network solution. Instead, Kubernetes has developed a Container Network Interface (CNI) to allow network providers for integration with their own SDN solutions.
There are several OpenShift SDN plug-ins available out of the box from Red Hat, as well as third-party plug-ins.
Red Hat has worked with a number of SDN providers to certify their SDN network solution on OpenShift Container Platform via the Kubernetes CNI interface, including a support process for their SDN plug-in through their product’s entitlement process. Should you open a support case with OpenShift, Red Hat can facilitate an exchange process so that both companies are involved in meeting your needs.
The following SDN solutions are validated and supported on OpenShift Container Platform directly by the third-party vendor:
Cisco Contiv (™)
Juniper Contrail (™)
Nokia Nuage (™)
Tigera Calico (™)
VMware NSX-T (™)
VMware NSX-T (™) provides an SDN and security infrastructure to build cloud-native application environments. In addition to vSphere hypervisors (ESX), these environments include KVM and native public clouds.
The current integration requires a new install of both NSX-T and OpenShift Container Platform. Currently, NSX-T version 2.0 is supported, and only supports the use of ESX and KVM hypervisors at this time.
See the NSX-T Container Plug-in for OpenShift - Installation and Administration Guide for more information.
For initial
advanced installations, the ovs-subnet plug-in is installed and configured by default,
though it can be overridden during installation using the
os_sdn_network_plugin_name parameter, which is configurable in the Ansible
inventory file.
For example, to override the standard ovs-subnet plug-in and use the ovs-multitenant plug-in instead:
# Configure the multi-tenant SDN plugin (default is 'redhat/openshift-ovs-subnet') os_sdn_network_plugin_name='redhat/openshift-ovs-multitenant'
See Configuring Cluster Variables for descriptions of networking-related Ansible variables that can be set in your inventory file.
For initial quick installations,
the ovs-subnet plug-in is installed and configured by default as well, and can
be
reconfigured post-installation
using the networkConfig stanza of the master-config.yaml file.
The cluster administrators can control pod network settings on master hosts by
modifying parameters in the networkConfig section of the
master
configuration file (located at /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml by
default):
networkConfig:
clusterNetworkCIDR: 10.128.0.0/14 (1)
hostSubnetLength: 9 (2)
networkPluginName: "redhat/openshift-ovs-subnet" (3)
serviceNetworkCIDR: 172.30.0.0/16 (4)| 1 | Cluster network for node IP allocation |
| 2 | Number of bits for pod IP allocation within a node |
| 3 | Set to redhat/openshift-ovs-subnet for the ovs-subnet plug-in,
redhat/openshift-ovs-multitenant for the ovs-multitenant plug-in, or
redhat/openshift-ovs-networkpolicy for the ovs-networkpolicy plug-in |
| 4 | Service IP allocation for the cluster |
Alternatively, you can create a pod network with multiple CIDR ranges by
adding separate ranges into the clusterNetworks field with the range and the hostSubnetLength.
Multiple ranges can be used at once, and the range can be expanded or contracted. Nodes can be moved from one range to another by evacuating a node, then deleting and re-creating the node. See the Managing Nodes section for more information. Node allocations occur in the order listed, then when the range is full, move to the next on the list.
networkConfig:
clusterNetworkCIDR: 10.128.0.0/14 (1)
clusterNetworks:
- cidr: 10.128.0.0/14 (2)
hostSubnetLength: 9 (3)
- cidr: 10.132.0.0/14
hostSubnetLength: 9
externalIPNetworkCIDRs: null
hostSubnetLength: 9
ingressIPNetworkCIDR: 172.29.0.0/16
networkPluginName: redhat/openshift-ovs-multitenant (4)
serviceNetworkCIDR: 172.30.0.0/16| 1 | Cluster network for node IP allocation. |
| 2 | Ensure the first cidr entry matches the clusterNetworkCIDR entry. |
| 3 | Number of bits for pod IP allocation within a node. Must match with all other hostSubnetLength entries in the NetworkConfig. |
| 4 | Set to redhat/openshift-ovs-subnet for the ovs-subnet plug-in,
redhat/openshift-ovs-multitenant for the ovs-multitenant plug-in, or
redhat/openshift-ovs-networkpolicy for the ovs-networkpolicy plug-in. |
You can add elements to the clusterNetworks value, or remove them if no node
is using that CIDR range, but be sure to restart the
atomic-openshift-master-api and atomic-openshift-master-controllers services
for any changes to take effect.
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The |
The cluster administrators can control pod network settings on nodes by modifying
parameters in the networkConfig section of the
node configuration file
(located at /etc/origin/node/node-config.yaml by default):
networkConfig:
mtu: 1450 (1)
networkPluginName: "redhat/openshift-ovs-subnet" (2)| 1 | Maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the pod overlay network |
| 2 | Set to redhat/openshift-ovs-subnet for the ovs-subnet plug-in, redhat/openshift-ovs-multitenant for the ovs-multitenant plug-in, or redhat/openshift-ovs-networkpolicy for the ovs-networkpolicy plug-in |
If you are already using one SDN plug-in and want to switch to another:
Change the networkPluginName parameter on all
masters and
nodes in their configuration files.
Restart the atomic-openshift-master-api and atomic-openshift-master-controllers on masters and the atomic-openshift-node service on nodes.
If you are switching from an OpenShift SDN plug-in to a third-party plug-in, then clean up OpenShift SDN-specific artifacts:
$ oc delete clusternetwork --all $ oc delete hostsubnets --all $ oc delete netnamespaces --all
When switching from the ovs-subnet to the ovs-multitenant OpenShift SDN plug-in, all the existing projects in the cluster will be fully isolated (assigned unique VNIDs). The cluster administrators can choose to modify the project networks using the administrator CLI.
Check VNIDs by running:
$ oc get netnamespace
Before migrating from the ovs-multitenant plug-in to the ovs-networkpolicy
plug-in, ensure that every namespace has a unique NetID. This means that if you
have previously
joined projects
together or
made projects
global, you will need to undo that before switching to the ovs-networkpolicy plug-in,
or the NetworkPolicy objects may not function correctly.
A helper script is available that fixes NetID’s, creates NetworkPolicy objects
to isolate previously-isolated namespaces, and enables connections between
previously-joined namespaces.
Use the following steps to migrate to the ovs-networkpolicy plug-in, by using this helper script, while still running the ovs-multitenant plug-in:
Download the script from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/origin/master/contrib/migration/migrate-network-policy.sh and add the exexcution file permission:
$ curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/origin/master/contrib/migration/migrate-network-policy.sh
$ chmod a+x migrate-network-policy.shRun the script (requires the cluster administrator role).
$ ./migrate-network-policy.shAfter running this script, every namespace is fully isolated from every other namespace, therefore connection attempts between pods in different namespaces will fail until you complete the migration to the ovs-networkpolicy plug-in.
If you want newly-created namespaces to also have the same policies by default, you can set
default
NetworkPolicy objects to be created matching the default-deny and
allow-from-global-namespaces policies created by the migration script.
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In case of script failures or other errors, or if you later decide you want to revert back to the ovs-multitenant plug-in, you can use the un-migration script. This script undoes the changes made by the migration script and re-joins previously-joined namespaces. |
If a host that is external to OpenShift Container Platform requires access to the cluster network, you have two options:
Configure the host as an OpenShift Container Platform node but mark it unschedulable so that the master does not schedule containers on it.
Create a tunnel between your host and a host that is on the cluster network.
Both options are presented as part of a practical use-case in the documentation for configuring routing from an edge load-balancer to containers within OpenShift SDN.
As an alternate to the default SDN, OpenShift Container Platform also provides Ansible playbooks for installing flannel-based networking. This is useful if running OpenShift Container Platform within a cloud provider platform that also relies on SDN, such as Red Hat OpenStack Platform, and you want to avoid encapsulating packets twice through both platforms.
Flannel uses a single IP network space for all of the containers allocating a contiguous subset of the space to each instance. Consequently, nothing prevents a container from attempting to contact any IP address in the same network space. This hinders multi-tenancy because the network cannot be used to isolate containers in one application from another.
Depending on whether you prefer mutli-tenancy isolation or performance, you should determine the appropriate choice when deciding between OpenShift SDN (multi-tenancy) and flannel (performance) for internal networks.
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Flannel is only supported for OpenShift Container Platform on Red Hat OpenStack Platform. |
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The current version of Neutron enforces port security on ports by default. This prevents the port from sending or receiving packets with a MAC address different from that on the port itself. Flannel creates virtual MACs and IP addresses and must send and receive packets on the port, so port security must be disabled on the ports that carry flannel traffic. |
To enable flannel within your OpenShift Container Platform cluster:
Neutron port security controls must be configured to be compatible with
Flannel. The default configuration of Red Hat OpenStack Platform disables user
control of port_security. Configure Neutron to allow users to control the
port_security setting on individual ports.
On the Neutron servers, add the following to the /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini file:
[ml2] ... extension_drivers = port_security
Then, restart the Neutron services:
service neutron-dhcp-agent restart service neutron-ovs-cleanup restart service neutron-metadata-agentrestart service neutron-l3-agent restart service neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent restart service neutron-vpn-agent restart service neutron-server restart
When creating the OpenShift Container Platform instances on Red Hat OpenStack Platform, disable both port security and security groups in the ports where the container network flannel interface will be:
neutron port-update $port --no-security-groups --port-security-enabled=False
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Flannel gather information from etcd to configure and assign the subnets in the nodes. Therefore, the security group attached to the etcd hosts should allow access from nodes to port 2379/tcp, and nodes security group should allow egress communication to that port on the etcd hosts. |
Set the following variables in your Ansible inventory file before running the installation:
openshift_use_openshift_sdn=false (1) openshift_use_flannel=true (2) flannel_interface=eth0
| 1 | Set openshift_use_openshift_sdn to false to disable the default SDN. |
| 2 | Set openshift_use_flannel to true to enable flannel in place. |
Optionally, you can specify the interface to use for inter-host communication
using the flannel_interface variable. Without this variable, the
OpenShift Container Platform installation uses the default interface.
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Custom networking CIDR for pods and services using flannel will be supported in a future release. BZ#1473858 |
After the OpenShift Container Platform installation, add a set of iptables rules on every OpenShift Container Platform node:
iptables -A DOCKER -p all -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE
To persist those changes in the /etc/sysconfig/iptables use the following command on every node:
cp /etc/sysconfig/iptables{,.orig}
sh -c "tac /etc/sysconfig/iptables.orig | sed -e '0,/:DOCKER -/ s/:DOCKER -/:DOCKER ACCEPT/' | awk '"\!"p && /POSTROUTING/{print \"-A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE\"; p=1} 1' | tac > /etc/sysconfig/iptables"
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The |
To isolate container traffic from the rest of the OpenShift Container Platform traffic, Red Hat recommends creating an isolated tenant network and attaching all the nodes to it. If you are using a different network interface (eth1), remember to configure the interface to start at boot time through the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 file:
DEVICE=eth1 TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=dhcp ONBOOT=yes DEFTROUTE=no PEERDNS=no